Membrana gallinarum tosta et data in oleo ac sale, coeliacorum dolores mulcet. abstinere autem frugibus ante et gallinam et hominem oportet, Plinius[1]. Membrana quae est in ventriculo gallinae siccata et trita, et cum vino austero potui ieiuno coeliaco data, medetur: ita ut ipsa gallina prius vel biduo abstineatur a cibo, et qui potionem accepturus est, ante diem frugi sit, et non coenet, Marcellus. Nicolaus Myrepsus dysentericam quandam potionem laudatam describit, in qua membrana haec cum caeteris miscetur. Membranam e ventriculo gallinacei aridam: vel, si recens sit, tostam, utiliter contra calculos bibi traditur, Plinius[2]. Cum vino pota calculos frangit et per urinam eijcit, Constantinus. Celebrant quidam inter calculi remedia gallinacei ventris interiorem membranam, Alex. Benedictus. Fieri quidem potest ut aliqui huic membranae vim calculos dissolvendi inesse sibi persuaserint, ex eo quod gallinae etiam lapillos concoquere vulgo credantur, ut Dioscorides[3] etiam credidit. Ego quoniam experientiam huius effectus hactenus nullam audivi, nec rationem aliquam qua id effici possit video, assensionem meam adhuc cohibeo. De ventriculo galli interior pellicula in vino missa et siccata ac trita cum sale, posita (pota) cum vino vel condito, nephriticos perfecte sanat, Kiranides.

The membrane of the hens, roasted and given with oil and salt, eases the pains of patients suffering from bowels. It is necessary that previously both hen and person abstain from cereals, Pliny. The membrane lying in the stomach of the hen, dried and minced, given to be drunk with dry wine on empty stomach to those suffering from intestinal pains, lets to recover: but the hen has before to abstain for at least two days from food, and he who is about to receive the potion, the day before has to be frugal and don't have supper, Marcellus Empiricus. Nicolaus Myrepsus reports a praised potion against dysentery, in which this membrane is mixed with other ingredients. They hand down that against the stones is successfully drunk the dried membrane of chicken's stomach, or roasted if it were fresh, Pliny. Drunk with wine it shatters the stones and makes them to be removed through urine, Constantinus Africanus. Some people among the remedies for stones are praising the inner membrane of the stomach of chicken, Alessandro Benedetti. Really, perhaps some people became convinced that this membrane has the power of dissolving stones since by common people the hens are thought able to digest also the pebbles, as also Dioscorides believed. Being that until now I didn't hear any experience about this power nor I foresee any reason for its occurrence, for the moment I curb my approval. The inner membrane of the stomach of the rooster put in wine and dried and minced with salt, put together (drunk) with wine or wine aromatized with pepper and honey, perfectly recovers nephritics, Kiranides.

Ad sistendam exuberantiam mictionis: Accipe pelliculas quae sunt in ventre gallinarum: de quibus in Sole siccatis drachmam miscebis cum thure masculo, glande sicca, balaustiis, galla, ana 3. iii. Trita omnia melle rosato excipies, et ex frigida propinabis ieiuno, Galenus Euporiston 2.133. Ad involontarium mictum in stratis: Galli guttur ustum ligulae mensura ieiuno ex aqua propinato, Galenus Euporiston 2. 76. Et rursus, Gallinae gulam (γούλαν) pariter cum gutture, ure, et tere diligentissime, ac ex vino vetere propina, Euporiston 3. 238. Idem remedium Rasis e crista galli[4] promittit. In Germanico quodam codice manuscripto invenio hasce membranas tritas utiliter bibi contra stranguriam.

To stop the excessive urination: Take the membranes lying in the stomach of the hens: and after have been dried in the sun you will mix a drachma of them [3.41 g] with three drachmas each of finest incense, dry acorn, flowers of pomegranate and gallnut. After all these ingredients have been minced, you will put them in rosy honey and you will give them on empty stomach in cold water, Galen - Oribasius - in Euporista 2^nd,133. Against the unintentional nocturnal urination in bed: give on empty stomach in water a spoon of rooster's crop reduced to ashes, Galen in Euporista 2^nd,76. And still, reduce in ashes the throat (goúlan) of a hen along with the crop, and mince very well, and give with old wine, Euporista 3^rd,238. Razi vouches for the same remedy by a cockscomb. In a manuscript German code I find that these minced membranes are profitably drunk against strangury.

¶ Adversus abortum: Suffiatur primo mulier cum filato primo cocto: deinde accipiat grassilum gallinae, et pelliculam ventriculi qua cibus continetur discutiat lavetque et modice coctam in prunis comedat, vel pollinem tritarum bibat, idque faciat per plures dies: experimento constat, Author additionum Breviarii Arnoldi Villanov. apparet autem verba quaedam inter haec aut corrupta aut barbara esse.

¶ Against the abortion: In first place the woman must be exposed to warm vapors along with the first cooked yarn: then she has to take some grassilum - some fat - of hen, and to chop the membrane of the stomach in which the food is contained and to wash it and to eat it after has been scorched on embers, or has to drink the superfine flour of the minced ones, and she has to do this for quite a lot of days: this is based on a testing, the author of the additions to Breviarium practicae medicinae of Arnoldo from Villanova. But it is evident that some of these words are either corrupt or foreign.

¶ In libro quodam manuscripto invenio hanc pelliculam de ventriculo capi utiliter tritam fistulis prius mortificatis inspergi.

¶ In a manuscript book I find that this membrane of the stomach of capon after has been minced is successfully applied on fistulas previously weakened.

¶ Ileo resistit gallinaceorum iecur assum cum ventriculi membrana, quae abiici solet, inveterata, admixto papaveris succo. alii recentem torrent ex vino bibendam. Hepar gallinae tritum, et cum hordei farina et aqua emplastri modo impositum, podagricis prodest, Kiranides.

¶ Against the intestinal occlusion is effective the liver of chickens roasted with the aged membrane of the stomach, that one usually thrown away, mixing juice of poppy. Others roast the fresh one, which must be drunk with wine. The liver of hen, minced and applied as poultice along with barley flour and water, is helpful to gouty patients, Kiranides.

¶ Gallinarum et perdicum fella ad medicinae usum caeteris praestant, Galenus. Fel efficacissimum creditur scorpii et callionymi piscium, marinaeque testudinis et hyaenae[5]: perdicis item et aquilae, gallinaeque albae, Dioscorides[6].

¶ The bile of hens and partridges used as medicine is above all the other kinds of bile, Galen. Moreover is reckoned very effective the bile of the fishes scorpion and stargazer, and of marine turtle and hyena: likewise that of partridge, eagle and of a white hen, Dioscorides.

¶ Fel gallinae maculas in corpore illitum aufert, Rasis. Apud Galenum de composit. sec. locos, miscetur medicamentis liquidis ocularibus Asclepiadae, ad ficosas eminentias, ac omnem exuberantiam carnis seu callum. Fel quorundam animalium laudatur a medicis ad visum acuendum, et principium suffusionis discutiendum, ut callionymi et scorpii piscium, gallinae, etc. Idem de simplic. 10. Galli gallinacei, maxime albi, fel ex aqua dilutum, et inunctione adhibitum, leucomata oculorum et hypochyses sanat, et aciem luminum confirmat, Marcellus. Galenus libro 4. de compos. sec. loc. medicamento liquido cuidam ad oculos suffusos, alios galli fel, alios aliud adiecisse scribit. Ad suffusionem admirabile quod ilico visum restituit: Muris sanguinem, et galli fel, et muliebre lac aequis ponderibus misce, et bene subactis utere. probatum est enim, et magnifice profuit, Idem Euporiston 3. 16. Ulcera oculorum et albugines felle galli inungito, Idem Euporiston 2. 99.

¶ The bile of hen smeared on the body makes the blotches disappear, Razi. In Galen, in De compositione medicamentorum secundum locos, it is mixed with liquid eyewashes of Asclepiades the Young against the ulcerated swellings and any protuberance of the flesh or callus. The bile of some animals is praised by physicians to sharpen eyesight and to make a beginning of cataract regress, as that of the fishes stargazer and scorpion, of the hen etc., still Galen in 10^th book of De simplicium medicamentorum temperamentis et facultatibus. The bile of a rooster, chiefly white, diluted in water and used as eyewash, makes recover the leucomas of the eyes - obviously! - and the cataracts, and it strengthens the visual sharpness, Marcellus Empiricus. Galen in 4^th book of De compositione medicamentorum secundum locos writes that to a liquid medicine against the cataract some people added bile of rooster, and others something else. An amazing preparation against the cataract, since makes the sight coming back at once: Mix in equal parts blood of mouse, bile of rooster and milk of woman, and use after they have been well mixed. In fact it has been tested, and it has been helpful in marvelous way, still Galen - Oribasius - in Euporista 3^rd,16. Apply bile of rooster on ocular ulcerations and leucomas, still Galen in Euporista 2^nd,99.

Fel quoque de gallo mollitum simplice[7] lympha | Exacuit puros dempta caligine visus, Serenus. Fel galli cum succo chelidoniae herbae et melle illitum, visum acuit perfecte, Kiranides. Gallinaceo felli vis alligato (malim, illito: vel, ad caligationes, ut et aquilino sicut proxime dixerat) ad argema, et ad albugines ex aqua diluto, (aut supra forsan recte, hic vero pro diluto legendum aut saltem subintelligendum illito.) item ad suffusiones oculorum, maxime candidi gallinacei, Plinius[8]. Et rursus cum fimum ruf{f}um gallin. lusciosis illini dixisset, subdit[9]: Laudant et gallinae fel, sed praecipue adipem contra pustulas in pupillis. Fellis gallinacei, vel vulturini, quod longe magis prodest, scrupulum, et mellis optimi unciam, bene trita coniunges, atque in pyxide cuprea habebis, et opportune ad inungendum uteris, hoc nihil potentius caliginem relevat, Marcellus.

Also the bile of rooster softened with pure and simple water | Sharpens the sight of eyes made clear after dimming has been removed, Serenus Sammonicus. The bile of rooster applied with juice of celandine herb and honey makes sharpen the sight in a perfect way, Kiranides. The bile of rooster diluted in water and applied with a bandaging is effective against the white spots of the cornea and leucomas (I would prefer smeared; or, as he just said, against dimming of sight, as also acts that of eagle) (or perhaps before he expressed himself correctly, but here, in place of diluted, we must read, or at least to imply, smeared), likewise against the cataracts, above all if it is of a white rooster, Pliny. And again, after he said to apply reddish dung of chicken to those suffering from nyctalopia, adds: They also praise the bile of hen, but above all the fat against the vesicles located in the pupil. You will join a scruple [1.13 g] of bile of chicken, or of vulture, since more effective, and an ounce [27.28 g] of good honey, both well mixed, and you will preserve them in a copper jar and will use at the proper time to make applications, nothing is more powerful than this preparation in attenuating the dimming of the sight, Marcellus Empiricus.

¶ Aetius illos qui re Venerea uti non possunt inter caetera gallorum testiculos esitare consulit. Galli testes cum vino poti Venerem ir<r>itant, et bonam habitudinem praestant, Kiranides. Gallinaceorum testes subinde si a conceptu edat mulier, mares in utero fieri dicuntur, Plinius[10]. Ad involuntarium urinae exitum in stratis: Galli testem ustum edendum apponito, Galenus Euporiston 3. 257.

¶ Aetius of Amida to those who are sexually impotent prescribes among other things to eat testicles of rooster. The testicles of rooster drunk with wine are sexually arousing and get a physical wellbeing, Kiranides. If a woman as soon as conceived eats testicles of rooster, they say that in uterus males are occurring, Pliny. Against the unintentional discharge of urine in bed: give to be eaten a scorched testicle of rooster, Galen - Oribasius - in Euporista 3^rd,257.